MATERI SASTRA INGGRIS LINTAS MINAT. RECOUNT TEXT

                                                           RECOUNT TEXT

Pengertian Recount Text (What is Recount Text)

Recount text is a text which retells events or experiences in the past (sebuah teks yang menceritakan kembali kejadian atau peristiwa di masa lampau). Cerita tersebut dapat berupa aksi atau aktivitas sebelum seseorang menuliskan teks.

Misal, bercerita tentang aktivitas berlibur, mengikuti perlombaan, dan masih banyak lagi.

Tujuan Recount Text (The Purpose of Recount Text)

The pupose of Recount text is to inform or to entertain the readers.”tujuannya adalah memberikan informasi mengenai suatu kejadian pada pembaca, atau menghibur pembaca. Lagi-lagi, dalam bahasa Inggris bisa kita katakan “

Generic structure of recount text ada tiga.

1. Orientation

Sebagian besar teks akan diawali dengan orientation. Dalam bahasa Indonesia, artinya orientasi atau pengenalan. isi dari orientation adalah informasi mengenai tokoh atau karakter, lokasi, waktu kejadian, etc.

Melalui orientation, harapannya pembaca dapat memahami jalan/alur cerita dari penulis. Contoh orientation dalam recount text:

A few years ago, I had the opportunity to go on a vacation to one of my dream countries, Turkey. I went there with my husband. We departed from Soekarno-Hatta Airport in Tangerang. We had a very long flight for around 12 hours by Turkish Airlines and we landed at Istanbul Airport, Istanbul.

Dapat kita lihat dari potongan paragraf di atas, bahwa penulis mengenalkan tokoh, lokasi, dan juga waktu peristiwa yang akan diceritakan.

2. Series of Events(Rangkain kejadian/peristiwa)

Contoh:

On the first day, due to exhaustion, we just stayed at the hotel near Hagia Sophia to rest. The next day, we left for Taksim to visit one of the popular destinations, Galata Tower. We saw a lot of shopping centers and local authentic cafes there. After that, we visited one of the Malaysian restaurants that I really wanted to visit in the Blue Mosque area. 

3. Reorientation

Dalam membuat recount text, akhir dari sebuah cerita disebut dengan reorientation. Pada bagian ini, penulis akan menuangkan rangkuman dan kesimpulan dari keseluruhan cerita sekaligus memberitahu ending-nya (sad/happy). Jika ada, author juga akan menambahkan kesan dan pesan untuk pembaca. Contoh sederhana dari reorientation:

A trip to Turkey a few years ago was an experience I will never forget for the rest of my life. The bonus, two weeks after arriving in Indonesia, God trusts us to have the child. We think that having quality time with a partner is very important. 

Ciri-ciri Recount Text (Characteristics of Recount Text)

1.      Meskipun memiliki tujuan yang sama dengan narrative text untuk menghibur pembaca, Dalam recount text, tidak ada konflik yang diceritakan oleh penulis.

2.      Selalu ada urutan cerita. Misal seperti contoh di atas, yaitu ada hari pertama, hari kedua, dan seterusnya.

Language Features of Recount Text (Kaidah Kebahasaan Recount Text)

1. Using simple past tense

Pola kalimatnya terbagi menjadi dua, yaitu ada verbal sentence dengan rumus subject + verb 2 + complement dan nominal sentence yang rumusnya subject + be + complement.

contoh kalimat:

Last week, my friends and I went to Jogja. 
(Minggu lalu, saya dan teman-teman pergi ke Jogja.)

Went merupakan bentuk simple past tense dari go.

2. Using specific participant

Recount text juga erat hubungannya dengan specific participant, yaitu sesuatu yang memiliki objek tertentu, tidak bersifat umum, dan unik (hanya ada satu).  Contohnya antara lain Istanbul Airport, Borobudur Temple, Muara Angke, Geusan Ulun Museum, etc.

3. Using personal participant

Personal participant contohnya seperti I, my group, my friends, my husband, etc. Dalam recount text, biasanya personal participant akan muncul di bagian orientation sebagai pengenalan tokoh ataupun karakter dalam cerita.

4. Using action verb

Action verb adalah kata kerja yang merujuk pada tindakan yang kamu lakukan dan bisa terlihat oleh orang lain. Verb ini dikenal juga dengan dynamic verb. Contoh kalimatnya:

First, we visited Parangtritis beach.
(Pertama, kami mengunjungi pantai Parangtritis.)

Visited adalah kata kerja yang bisa terlihat oleh orang lain.

5. Using linking verb

linking verb, yaitu kata kerja yang menghubungkan antara subjek dan keterangan. 

Tapi, yang harus digarisbawahi adalah, linking verb digunakan untuk memberi keterangan deskriptif dan identitas dari subjek. Jadi, bukan merujuk pada tindakan yang dilakukan oleh subjek. 

Beberapa contoh yang termasuk linking verb adalah be, become, seem, appear, grow. Be terdiri dari  is, am, dan are untuk simple present tense. Sementara itu, yang berlaku pada recount text adalah bentuk simple past tense-nya, yaitu was dan were. Contoh kalimatnya:

Yesterday, I was busy towards the end of the month and I had to work late.
(Kemarin, saya sibuk menjelang akhir bulan dan saya harus bekerja lembur.)

Di sana, was berfungsi untuk menghubungkan antara I dan busy towards the end of the month.

6. Using chronological connection/sequence connective

Chronological connection atau yang dikenal juga sebagai chronological connector/connector of sequence adalah kata sambung yang digunakan untuk menyatakan urutan terjadinya peristiwa. Tentunya kaidah ini sejalan dengan definisi dari recount text itu sendiri.

Chronological connector berguna untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang terjadi lebih dulu dan mana yang terjadi selanjutnya. Kata sambung ini memudahkan pembaca untuk memahami urutan peristiwa secara keseluruhan. Contoh chronological connector adalah then, next, in the end, in addition, dan lain sebagainya. Perhatikan contoh berikut ini:

We looked around in that Zoo, and also took pictures of those animals. Then, we felt hungry, so we went to a restaurant. 
(Kami melihat-lihat di Kebun Binatang itu, dan juga memotret binatang-binatang itu. Kemudian, kami merasa lapar, jadi kami pergi ke restoran.)

7. Using conjunction

Conjunction adalah bagian dari part of speech yang tugasnya adalah menghubungkan dua kata, frasa, atau kalimat. Contoh-contoh conjunction dalam recount text adalah and, or, until, although, while, but, and many more. Begini jika diaplikasikan dalam kalimat:

One of my friends warned me that Samyang was very spicy, but I didn’t want to listen to her. 
(Salah satu teman saya memperingatkan saya bahwa Samyang sangat pedas, tetapi saya tidak mau mendengarkannya.)

8. Using adverbs(kata Keterangan)

Contoh extremely, carefully, slowly, etc.

contohnya adalah:

She walked carefully.
(Dia berjalan dengan hati-hati.)

Carefully berperan untuk menerangkan kata kerja walked.

9. Using adverb(ial) phrase 

Adverbial phrase adalah frasa yang bersifat adverb, alias frasa yang fungsinya menjelaskan. Kalau adverb adalah bagian kalimat yang fungsinya menjelaskan keseluruhan kalimat, verb, adjective, atau adverb lain.

dalam teks recount adalah adverb phrase of time dan adverb phrase of place yang berfungsi untuk menerangkan waktu dan tempat kejadian. 

Contoh:

Adverb phrase of time: Camelia found her book in the classroom. (Camelia menemukan bukunya di kelas.)

Adverb phrase of place: My team won the volleyball tournament last week. (Tim saya memenangkan turnamen bola voli minggu lalu.)

10. Using time connectives and sequence connective

Connectives ini adalah kata atau frasa yang menghubungkan bagian kata, frasa, klausa atau kalimat. Adapun time connectives contohnya adalah in the meantime, the next day, dsb. 

Selain itu, ada juga sequence connective untuk mengurutkan sebuah informasi berdasarkan langkahnya. Contoh: before, after, then, first, second, third, finally, at last.

Macam-macam Recount Text (Types of Recount Text)

1. Personal Recount

Personal recount text adalah salah satu jenis teks yang bertujuan untuk menceritakan mengenai pengalaman pribadi penulis. 

2. Factual Recount

Factual recount text merupakan cerita untuk menyajikan laporan terkait peristiwa yang terjadi berdasarkan fakta (benar-benar terjadi).Contohnya seperti laporan mengenai percobaan sains a.k.a ilmu pengetahuan ataupun laporan kepolisian.

3. Imaginative Recount

Bukan cuma teks naratif, recount text juga memiliki jenis imaginative. Imaginative recount adalah teks yang biasa digunakan seseorang sebagai cerita dari peristiwa imajinatif yang dialami oleh seseorang. Contohnya recount text yang menceritakan pengalaman penulis mengenai khayalan yang ia dapat dari mimpi.

4. Historical Recount

Historical recount adalah bentuk recount text yang isinya menceritakan peristiwa sejarah. 

Contohnya tentang proklamasi kemerdekaan Indonesia.

Examples of Recount Text (Contoh Recount Text)

Contoh Personal Recount Text

A Trip to the National Zoo and Aquarium

Yesterday, my family and I went to the National Zoo and Aquarium to visit the new Snow Cubs and the other animals. In the morning, when we got to the Zoo and Aquarium there was a great big line, so we had to wait awhile to get in.

After we entered the zoo, we went straight to the enclosure for the Snow Cubs. My brother and I were so excited to see them. They were so cute and playful. At lunchtime Dad decided to cook a bbq. He cooked sausages so we could have sausage sandwiches. My Mom forgot the tomato sauce so we had to eat them plain. In the afternoon, we visited the aquarium. My brother was excited to see the sharks and the tropical fish. At the end of the day when we left we were going to go and get ice cream but we decided we were too tired so we drove straight home, but of course I was very happy.

Contoh Factual Recount Text

On Children's Day in 1999, a technology company treated more than 200 underprivileged children to a 'high-tech' experience. They were given training on information technology. The company wanted to provide opportunities for these children to learn more about the Internet and the latest technology. They wanted to help the less fortunate in the community.

The children had an enjoyable and educational experience that day. They were exposed to the new technology for the first time and they were very interested. The company hoped to conduct many more such training sessions for these children. They felt that the skills the children had would be useful to them when they grew up.

The company was very active in caring for the less fortunate. They even put aside one day a year for their employees to do volunteer work to help the needy. They also donated money to many charitable organizations. Many people had benefited from their efforts. Many also praised the company for being so generous towards the needy.

Contoh Imaginative Recount Text 

I dreamed of being a superhero when I was a teenager. I imagined myself as Spiderman. 

One day, when I was fishing at the river I was bitten by a spider and luckily I was not dying. At first I felt cold for 24 hours and I was alone in my room. Nobody knew about it. I didn’t tell my family because I was afraid they would be angry with me. After that, something had happened in my body and I still did not recognize it. I lived as I did usually, went to school, went home, ate, did some activities and so on. 

I realized at the first time that I had a superpower was when I was in an accident. I rode a motorcycle and suddenly a bus crashed into me. I bounced out of the road and my motorcycle was totally broken. But in that case, I did not feel any pain. There was no blood out of my body. I was angry at that time because the bus did not stop and escaped. I ran after it and I didn’t know why I could run so fast and jump so high.

I jumped to the back of the bus and climbed it like a spider. I went to the front, stopped the bus and took the driver out of the bus door. I knew that I was no longer a normal human being. I did nothing more to the bus driver. I went back home and decided what to do after that.

I did nothing like Spiderman in the movie that helped people to catch the criminals. I was an opportunist super hero. I was afraid of killing people so that I hid my power from anybody else. I used my power only when I or my family and friends got into danger. 

Contoh Historical Recount Text

For more than 30 years, Indonesia was governed by Suharto as the president after the era of President Soekarno. As the people started to feel injustice, several cracks emerged that shook the political condition. Political tensions in the capital city increased by the numerous riots that occurred in several cities and violent ethnic clashes.

The government became unstable and struggled as a monetary crisis hit Asia in the second half of 1997. Indonesia suffered the most. Prices rose massively and many businesses went bankrupt. As the economy fell down, people got angry and protests occurred everywhere. The protests became bigger and riots started in many parts of Indonesia.

During the monetary crisis, Suharto could maintain his position as president when he was re-elected in March 1998. However, Suharto did not do anything that could help the economy. As the government seemed helpless in bringing the economy back, people demanded President Suharto to step down.

Demonstrations were held everywhere and it became the peak with the Trisakti incident on 12 May 1998. Four students were shot to death when demonstrating at Trisakti University at Jakarta and 9 students were killed at Semanggi. The incident led to huge riots in Jakarta and various cities all over Indonesia.

Finally, Suharto was pushed to step down and the reformation era began in Indonesia.