KD 3.7, 4.7 : EXPLANATION TEXT

 

EXPLANATION TEXT

Pengertian Explanation Text

Explanation text adalah salah satu jenis teks dalam Bahasa Inggris yang menjelaskan mengenai suatu proses. teks ini menjelaskan bagaimana suatu proses tersebut terjadi.

explanation text berfungsi untuk memberikan informasi kepada pembaca tentang suatu proses tersebut.

Tujuhan Explanation text

Tujuan Explanation Text yaitu untuk menerangkan proses-proses yang terjadi dalam pembentukan sesuatu atau kegiatan yang terkait dengan fenomena-fenomena alam, sosial, ilmu pengetahuan, budaya, dan lainnya yang bertujuan menjelaskan mengapa dan bagaimana hal tersebut bisa terjadi.

Ciri-ciri Explanation Text

Terdapat beberapa ciri-ciri dari teks ini, yaitu:

·         Menggunakan Simple Present Tense

·         Menggunakan Action Verbs. Contohnya adalah do, make, create, dan lain sebagainya.

·         Menggunakan Passive Voices

·         Menggunakan Noun Phrases

·         Menggunakan Technical Terms

Technical terms ini merujuk pada istilah-istilah teknis yang berkaitan dengan topik yang dibahas pada teks ini.

·         Berisi penjelasan mengenai proses

Generic Structure of Explanation Text

Terdapat dua bagian dari Explanation Text, yaitu:

General Statement

Berisi tentang informasi umum mengenai topik yang akan dibahas dalam teks.

Explanation

Berisi serangkaian kejadian-kejadian (sequence of events) dari suatu proses yang merupakan topik dari teks. Kita juga bisa menjelaskan dengan menggunakan pertanyaan mengapa dan bagaimana, agar penjelasan yang kita sampaikan lebih komprehensif.

Closing

Bagian closing atau penutup bersifat pilihan atau tidak harus ada pada teks ini. Bagian ini dapat berisi informasi tambahan atau opini penulis mengenai topik yang dibahas.

 

Contoh Explanation Text 1

How Does Rain Happen

We all know that rain is primary source of fresh water for most areas of the world, providing suitable condition for diverse ecosystems. Rain is water that descends from the sky through several processes until the rain occurs. Do you know how does rain happen?

The phenomenon of rain is actually a water circle. The concept of water circle includes the sun heating the Earth’s water surface and causing the water surface to evaporate. Earth’s water includes water from lake, river, and ocean. Then, the water vapor experiences condensation and becomes condensed vapor. Condensed vapor is formed from droplets so that when the air temperature is higher, it makes the droplets gather, condensed and formed into clouds. The presence of winds helps clouds move and gather in other places that have lower temperatures. At that time, the droplets become heavier and unstoppable and cause the droplets to fall so that there is rain.

 

If the droplets drop in an area with very cold temperatures, the droplets will drop as snow. However, not all rain reaches the surface. Some evaporates while falling through dry air. This is called Virga, a phenomenon which is often seen in hot, dry desert regions.

 

Contoh mengidentifikasi bagian-bagian dari  Explanation Text tentang How does the rain happen

Ciri-ciri Explanation Text

Ø  Menggunakan Simple Present Tense

Dapat kita lihat bahwa semua kalimat pada teks tersebut menggunakan Simple Present Tense.

Ø  Menggunakan Action Verbs. Contohnya, experiences dan drop.

Menggunakan Passive Voices. Contohnya, “Condensed vapor is formed from droplets so that when the air temperature is higher…”.

Ø  Menggunakan Noun Phrases. Contohnya, Earth’s water surface.

Ø  Menggunakan Technical Terms. Contohnya, evaporate, condensation, dan Virga.

Berisi penjelasan mengenai proses terjadinya hujan.

Generic Structure:

General Statement (paragraf 1)

Berisi tentang informasi umum mengenai hujan.

Explanation (paragraf 2)

Berisi serangkaian tahapan-tahapan terjadinya hujan.

Closing (paragraf 3)

Bagian closing atau penutup berisi informasi tambahan berupa hujan yang turun di daerah dingin (snow) dan di daerah panas (Virga).

A.      Practice 1:

Read the following text carefully and answer the questions below.

EARTHQUAKES	Title
Earthquakes being the most deadly natural hazards strike without any prior warning leaving catastrophe in their wake with terrible loss of human lives as well as economic loss.	General Statement
Technically, an earthquake (also known as tremor, quake or temblor) is a kind of vibration through earth’s crust. These powerful movements trigger a rapid release of energy that creates seismic waves that travel through the earth. Earthquakes are usually brief, but may repeat over a long period of time (earth science 2001). Earthquakes are classified as large and small. Large earthquakes usually begin with slight tremors but rapidly take form of violent shock. The vibrations from a large earthquake last for few days known as aftershocks. Small earthquakes are usually slight tremors and do not cause much damage. Large earthquakes are known to take down buildings and cause death and injury (Richter 1935). According to some statistics, there may be an average of 500,000 earthquakes every year but only about 100,000 can be felt and about 100 or so can cause damage each year.	Sequenced Explanation
Earthquakes are dreaded by everyone.	Closing atau Concluding Statement

 Analisa kembali teks di atas terkait fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan ciri kebahasaannya dengan menjawab pertanyaan berikut.

 

Questions:

1.       What does the text mostly talk about?

2.       What is paragraph 1 about?

3.       What do paragraph 2 and 3 discuss on?

4.       What does paragraph 4 tell us about?

5.       What does the writer write the text for?

6.       What kind of tense does the text mostly use?

B.       Penugasan Mandiri

TUGAS 1

Answer these questions below based on the text given correctly.

Tsunami

Tsunami occurs when major fault under the ocean floor suddenly slips. The displaced rock pushes water above it like a giant paddle, producing powerful water waves at the ocean surface. The ocean waves spread out from the vicinity of the earthquake source and move across the ocean until they reach the coastline, where their height increases as they reach the continental shelf, the part of the earth crust that slopes, or rises, from the ocean floor up to the land.

A tsunami washes ashore with often disastrous effects such as severe flooding, loss of lives due to drowning and damage to property.

A tsunami is a very large sea wave that is generated by a disturbance along the ocean floor. This disturbance can be an earthquake, a landslide, or a volcanic eruption. A tsunami is undetectable far out in the ocean, but once it reaches shallow water, this fast traveling wave grows very large.

1.         Tsunami happens because ….

2.         What are the impacts of tsunami ?

3.         Mention the disturbance of tsunami!

4.         From second paragraph we know that ….

5.         The text mostly tells us about ….

 

TUGAS 2

1.      Give the generic structure of the text below by giving the name for every paragraph in boxes given.

Generic Structure	Explanation Text
	Biodiesel is a clean burning substitute for petroleum based diesel fuel. Biodiesel is made of vegetable oil
	To make or manufacture Biodiesel, you must first start with raw materials. The raw materials needed in the production of Biodiesel are a small amount of methanol and a ready supply of vegetable product.  One of the most common vegetables used in the production of Biodiesel is corn, although depending on the geographic location of the manufacturing facility many other plants are used as well (rapeseed, soybeans, flaxseed, etc.). The first step is to use the raw vegetable product to make vegetable oil. Vegetable oil by itself will not be what you need to power a car, from here it has to be processed into Biodiesel.
	The process for converting vegetable oil into Biodiesel is sometimes called ester interchange. To complete this process the vegetable oil has to be combined with a smaller amount of methanol and then put in the presence of a small quantity of an alkaline catalyst (for example, 5% to 1% sodium hydroxide). Vegetable oil is made up of so-called triglycerides, which is a compound of the trivalent alcohol glycerin with three fatty acids. The goal of ester interchange is to separate the glycerin molecule from the three fatty acids and replace it with three methanol molecules
	This process then yields roughly 90% Biodiesel and 10% of a glycerin byproduct. The glycerin byproduct can be used in a number of other chemical processes for different industries.

2.      Write an explanation text telling about how rainbow is formed.

 

 

C.        Latihan Soal

Choose the best option A, B, C , D or E !

Teks Eksplanasi 1:

Recycling is a collection, processing, and reuse of materials that would otherwise be thrown away. Materials ranging from precious metals to broken glass, from old newspapers to plastic spoons, can be recycled. The recycling process reclaims the original material and uses it in new products.

In general, using recycled materials to make new products costs less and requires less energy than using new materials. Recycling can also reduce pollution, either by reducing the demand for high-pollution alternatives or by minimizing the amount of pollution produced during the manufacturing process.

Paper products that can be recycled include cardboard containers, wrapping paper, and office paper. The most commonly recycled paper product is newsprint. In newspaper recycling, old newspapers are collected and searched for contaminants such as plastic bags and aluminum foil. The paper goes to a processing plant where it is mixed with hot water and turned into pulp in a machine that works much like a big kitchen blender. The pulp is screened and filtered to remove smaller contaminants. The pulp then goes to a large vat where the ink separates from the paper fibers and fl oats to the surface. The ink is skimmed off, dried and reused as ink or burned as boiler fuel. The cleaned pulp is mixed with new wood fibers to be made into paper again.

Experts estimate the average office worker generates about 5 kg of wastepaper per month. Every ton of paper that is recycled saves about 1.4 cu m ( about 50 cu ft  of landfill space. One ton of recycled paper saves 17 pulpwood trees ( trees used to produce paper.

1.The following things can be recycled, EXCEPT….

A.         Precious metals

B.         Broken glass

C.         Old newspapers

D.         Plastic spoons

E.         Fresh vegetables and fruits

2.Which of the following is NOT the benefit of recycling?

A.         It costs much money for the process of recycling

B.         It costs less to make new products

C.         It requires less energy

D.         It can reduce pollution

E.         It reduces the demand for high-pollution alternatives

3.What is the third step of recycling paper products?

A.         Collect and search for contaminants such as plastic bags and aluminium foil

B.         Mix the paper with hot water in a blender which turns it into pulp

C.         Screen and filter the pulp to remove smaller contaminants

D.         Put the pulp to a large vat to separate the ink from the paper fibres

E.         Mix the pulp with new wood fibres to be made into paper again

4.We can make use of the ink after being separated from the paper fibres by doing the followings, EXCEPT….

A.         Skim it off

B.         Dry it

C.         Reuse as ink

D.         Burn as boiler fuel

E.         Mix it with the pulp

Teks Eksplanasi 2:

Human body is made up of countless millions of cells. Food is needed to built up new cells and replace the worn out cells. However, the food that we take must be changed into substances that can be carried in the blood to the places where they are needed. This process is called digestion.

The first digestive process takes place in the mouth. The food we eat is broken up into small pieces by the action of teeth, mixed with saliva, a juice secreted by glands in the mouth. Saliva contains digestive juice which moisten the food, so it can be swallowed easily.

From the mouth, food passes through the esophagus (the food passage) into the stomach. Here, the food is mixed with the juices secreted by the cells in the stomach for several hours. Then the food enters the small intestine. All the time the muscular walls of the intestine are squeezing, mixing and moving the food onwards.

In a few hours, the food changes into acids. These are soon absorbed by the villi (microscopic branch projections from the intestine walls) and passed into the bloodstream.

5.What is the text about?

A.         The digestive system

B.         The digestive juice

C.         The method of the digestive system

D.         The process of intestine work

E.         The food substances

6.How can we swallow the food easily?

A.         The food changes into acids absorbed by the villi.

B.         The food must be digested first through the process.

C.         The food is directly swallowed through esophagus into the stomach.

D.         The food is mixed with the juices secreted by the cells in the stomach.

E.         The food we take must be changed into substances carried in the blood to the places.

7.From the text above, we imply that ….

A.         a good process of digestive system will help our body becoming healthier.

B.         no one concerned with the process of digestive system for their health.

C.         the digestive system is needed if we are eating the food instantly.

D.         every body must conduct the processes of digestive system well.

E.         the better we digest the food we eat, the healthier we will be.

8.Human body is made up of countless millions of cells. (Paragraph 1) The phrase made up means ….

A.         Produced

B.         Managed

C.         Arranged

D.         Completed

E.         Constructed

Teks Eksplanasi 3:

Have you ever wondered how people get chocolate from? In this article we’ll enter the amazing world of chocolate so you can understand exactly what you’re eating. Chocolate starts with a tree called the cacao tree. This tree grows in equatorial regions, especially in places such as South America, Africa, and Indonesia. The cacao tree produces a fruit about the size of a small pine apple. Inside the fruit are the tree’s seeds, also known as cocoa beans.

The beans are fermented for about a week, dried in the sun and then shipped to the chocolate maker. The chocolate maker starts by roasting the beans to bring out the flavour. Different beans from different places have different qualities and flavor, so they are often sorted and blended to produce a distinctive mix. Next, the roasted beans are winnowed. Winnowing removes the meat nib of the cacao bean from its shell. Then, the nibs are blended. The blended nibs are ground to make it a liquid. The liquid is called chocolate liquor. It tastes bitter. All seeds contain some amount of fat, and cacao beans are not different. However, cacao beans are half fat, which is why the ground nibs form liquid. It’s pure bitter chocolate

9.The text is about ….

A.         the cacao tree

B.         the cacao beans

C.         the raw chocolate

D.         the making of chocolate

E.         the flavour of chocolate

10.The third paragraph focuses on ….

A.         the process of producing chocolate

B.         how to produce the cocoa flavour

C.         where chocolate comes from

D.         the chocolate liquor

E.         the cacao fruit

11.       …so they are often sorted and blended to produce … (Paragraph 3.) The word sorted

has the closest meaning to ….

A.         Arranged

B.         Combined

C.         Separated

D.         Distributed

E.         Organized

12.       How does the chocolate maker start to make chocolate?

A.         By fermenting the beans.

B.         By roasting the beans

C.         By blending the beans.

D.         By sorting the beans.

E.         By drying the beans

Teks Eksplanasi 4:

What is photosynthesis? Photosynthesis is a food-making process that occurs in green plants. It is the chief function of leaves. The word photosynthesis means putting together with light. Green plants use energy from light to combine carbon dioxide and water to make sugar and other chemical compounds.

How is the light used in photosynthesis?

The light used in photosynthesis is absorbed by a green pigment called chlorophyll. Each food-making cell in a plant leaf contains chlorophyll in small bodies called chloroplasts. In chloroplast, light energy causes water drawn form the soil to split into hydrogen and oxygen.

What are the steps of photosynthesis process? Let me tell you the process of photosynthesis, in a series of complicated steps, the hydrogen combines with carbon dioxide from the air, forming a simple sugar. Oxygen from the water molecules is given off in the process. From sugar together with nitrogen, sulphur, and phosporus from the soil-green plants can make starch, fat, protein, vitamins, and other complex compounds essential for life. Photosynthesis provides the chemical energy that is needed to produced these compounds.

13.       What step after the hydrogen combines with carbon dioxide from the air …

A.        Photosynthesis provides the chemical energy that is needed to produced these compounds.

B.         Water drawn form the soil to split into hydrogen and oxygen.

C.         Food-making process that occurs in green plants.

D.        Phosporus from the soil-green plants can make starch, fat, protein, vitamins, and other complex compounds essential for life.

E.         Oxygen from the water molecules is given off in the process.

14.       What are photosynthesis need ….

A.        Water, light, oxygen, worm

B.         Soil, chlorophyll, sun, human

C.         Bug, air, oxigen, food

D.        Light, Carbon dioxide, humus

E.         Candle, vitamins, hydrogen

15.       What the product of photosynthesis ….

A.        Sugar

B.         Food and O2

C.         Root

D.        Food

E.         Branch